诃子叶与诃子硬种皮中丹宁反相高效液相色谱分析

用反相高效液相色谱（ＲＰ－ＨＰＬＣ）法对诃子叶、诃子硬种皮中的丹宁成分进行了分析。结果表明二者丹宁含量均较低,其中叶子中诃黎勒酸的含量为１．５６％,具有一定的开发利用价值。     

Terminalia arjuna,an ayurvedic cardiotonic,increases contractile force of rat isolated atria

The direct effects of aqueous, ethanolic, chloroform and petroleum ether extracts of Terminalia arjuna (family: Combretaceae) bark, an ayurvedic remedy for cardiovascular disorders, were studied on isolated atria of rats. The aqueous extract produced a substantial positive inotropic effect (EC₅₀ = 0.25 mg/mL) but no change in the rate. The ethanol, chloroform and petroleum ether extracts all decreased the rate of contraction. A slight increase in force was seen with ethanol and chloroform extracts. Higher concentrations of the chloroform extract had a negative inotropic effect. The ethanol extract decreased the maximum following frequency of the left atria. It is concluded that Terminalia arjuna has a significant positive inotropic property on rat atria in vitro which could contribute to its efficacy in treating cardiovascular disorders.     

诃子与草乌不同比例配伍对3种双酯型生物碱含量的影响

目的 建立草乌中主要毒性成分3种双酯型生物碱的HPLC含量测定方法,并测定其含量,探讨诃子-草乌不同比例配伍对3种双酯型生物碱含量的影响,阐释配伍减毒的原理.方法 采用HPLC含量测定方法对3种双酯型生物碱进行含量测定,色谱条件为:采用Extend C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),以甲醇-0.05％氨水流动相梯度洗脱,柱温30℃,检测波长235 nm,流速1 mL/min.结果 诃子-草乌不同比例(草乌单煎、0.5∶1、1∶1、2∶1、3.3∶1、5∶1)配伍合煎后,3种双酯型生物碱含量变化趋势略有不同.在水煎液中,3种双酯型生物碱总含量表现出先升高后降低的抛物线状趋势.在诃子-草乌(2∶1)合煎液中3种双酯型生物碱总含量最大,在诃子-草乌(5∶1)合煎液中3种双酯型生物碱总含量最低且低于单煎液.结论 诃子-草乌不同比例配伍对水煎液中3种双酯型生物碱的含量具有很大影响,一方面促进3种双酯型生物碱的溶出,另一方面在诃子配伍比例较高时,又加速了生物碱的水解.     

Synergistic growth inhibitory effects of Phyllanthus emblica and Terminalia bellerica extracts with conventional cytotoxic agents：Doxorubicin and cisplatin against human hepatocellular carcinoma and lung cancer cells

AIM： To examine the growth inhibitory effects of Phyllanthus emblica （P. emblica） and Terminalia bellerica （T. bellerica） extracts on human hepatocellular carcinoma （HepG2）, and lung carcinoma （A549） cells and their synergistic effect with doxorubicin or cisplatin. METHODS： HepG2 and A549 cells were treated with P. emblica and T. bellerica extracts either alone or in combination with doxorubicin or cisplatin and effects on cell growth were determined using the sulforhodamine B （SRB） assay. The isobologram and combination index （CI） method of Chou-Talalay were used to evaluate interactions between plant extracts and drugs. RESULTS： P. emblica and T. bellerica extracts demonstrated growth inhibitory activity, with a certain degree of selectivity against the two cancer cell lines tested. Synergistic effects （CI 〈 1） for P. emblica /doxorubicin or cisplatin at different dose levels were demonstrated in A549 and HepG2 cells. The T. bellerica/ cisplatin or doxorubicin also showed synergistic effects in A549 and HepG2 cells. In some instances, the combinations resulted in antagonistic effects. The dose reduction level was different and specific to each combination and cell line. CONCLUSION： The growth inhibitory activity of doxorubicin or cisplatin, as a single agent, may be modified by combinations of P. emblica or T. bellerica extracts and be synergistically enhanced in some cases. Depending on the combination ratio, the doses for each drug for a given degree of effect in the combination may be reduced. The mechanisms involved in this interaction between chemotherapeutic drugs and plant extracts remain unclear and should be further evaluated.     

藏药十味乳香胶囊质量标准研究

目的:提高十味乳香胶囊质量标准。方法:采用薄层色谱法对处方中诃子和毛诃子进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相色谱法测定大黄酚的含量,使用FNG Redclassical C_(18)柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);以甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液(80∶20)为流动相;流速为1.0 m L·min~(-1);检测波长为254 nm。结果:薄层色谱斑点清晰,阴性无干扰。大黄酚在0.100 8~1.008μg有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 7),平均加样回收率为99.02%(n=6),RSD为1.91%。结论:建立的方法准确、可靠、重复性好,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

蒙药诃子配伍草乌的减毒增效机制研究进展

诃子与草乌均为传统的常用蒙药,在蒙医药诸多经典著作中均有记载。诃子因在蒙药中使用率最高,而被誉为“蒙药之王”。草乌在蒙药中也有更为悠久的用药历史和广泛的用途。蒙医在临床治疗过程中用草乌必配合诃子,多以诃子汤炮制草乌入丸散剂,或多以配伍药对形式入煎剂。现就蒙药中诃子与草乌的概况及诃子与草乌配伍减毒增效的机制进行综述,为蒙药的毒性研究与用药安全提供理论依据。     

探析青果与西青果的不同及合理使用

目的纠正将青果与西青果混淆的现象。方法根据《中国药典》及相关文献报道将青果和西青果进行对比分析。结果与结论青果与西青果有许多不同之处。建议医师在遣方用药时,根据患者病情注意区分使用并准确书写,避免混淆;特别需要注意的是,青果与西青果的常用剂量不同。     

Investigation of hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark in diabetic rats

Objective

To investigate the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark (AETPB) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods

Acute toxicity was studied in rats after the oral administration of AETPB to determine the dose to assess hypoglycemic activity. In rats, diabetes was induced by injection of STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and diabetes was confirmed 72 h after induction, and then allowed for 14 days to stabilize blood glucose level. In diabetic rats, AETPB was orally given for 28 days and its effect on blood glucose and body weight was determined on a weekly basis. At the end of the experimental day, fasting blood sample was collected to estimate the haemoglobin (Hb), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine, urea, serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and insulin levels. The liver and kidney were collected to determine antioxidants levels in diabetic rats.

Results

Oral administration of AETPB did not exhibit toxicity and death at a dose of 2 000 mg/kg. AETPB treated diabetic rats significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) reduced elevated blood glucose, HbA1c, creatinine, urea, SGPT and SGOT levels when compared with diabetic control rats. The body weight, Hb, insulin and total protein levels were significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) increased in diabetic rats treated with AETPB compared to diabetic control rats. In diabetic rats, AETPB treatment significantly reversed abnormal status of antioxidants and lipid profile levels towards near normal levels compared to diabetic control rats.

Conclusions

Present study results confirm that AETPB possesses significant hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities in diabetic condition.     

21-清咽滴丸抗柯萨奇病毒CVB3,CVB5作用的研究

目的:探究清咽滴丸及其六种中药成分(甘草、青黛、冰片、诃子、牛黄和薄荷)提取物对柯萨奇病毒B3、B5的抑制作用。方法:采用MTT法检测活细胞生存率,结合观察CPE,在细胞水平上检验清咽滴丸及其六种成分对CVB3、CVB5增殖的抑制作用。取其有效成分后,进一步用血清药理学的方法,检验经机体吸收后药物是否仍然具有抗病毒的效果。结果:在细胞水平上,清咽滴丸及其六种主要成分都对细胞有明显毒性作用,但只有清咽滴丸、甘草、诃子可以抑制CVB3、CVB5在细胞内的增殖。血清药理学进一步验证清咽滴丸、甘草、诃子对CVB3、CVB5有抑制作用。结论:清咽滴丸对CVB3、CVB5有一定的抗感染能力和治疗效果,其中起主要作用的成分是甘草和诃子,且抑制作用呈一定的浓度、时间依赖性。     

Inhibitory potential of traditional herbs on α-amylase activity

Context: There has been enormous interest in the development of alternative medicines for the control of diabetes. Use of carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzyme inhibitors proved to be an important strategy for the management of postprandial hyperglycemia by delaying the process of carbohydrate hydrolysis and absorption.

Objective: Three common traditional herbs, namely, stem bark of Terminalia arjuna (Combretaceae), seeds of Eugenia cumini (Myrtaceae), and leaves of Aegle marmelos (Rutaceae), were tested for their α-amylase inhibitory activities to establish antidiabetic potential.

Materials and methods: The plant extracts (aqueous, 50%, and 100% methanol) obtained were subjected to an in vitro amylase inhibitory assay using starch as a substrate and pancreatic amylase as the enzyme. Statistical differences and linear regression analysis were performed using GraphPad prism 5 software.

Results: The 50% methanol extracts of T. arjuna, E. cumini, and A. marmelos at a concentrations 50–500 μg/mL showed maximum percentage inhibition on amylase activity with IC₅₀ values of 302?±?0.55, 632?±?0.21, and 503?±?0.28 μg/mL, respectively. However, the 100% methanol extracts of all the three plants showed the least inhibitory activity.

Discussion and conclusion: The results show that T. arjuna > E. cumini > A. marmelos have excellent inhibitory activity and, therefore, might be effective in lowering postprandial hyperglycemia.